Monday, November 14 2005 16:08 Hrs (IST) - World Time -

Tunis: The World Summit on the Information Society starting on Wednesday is heading for a showdown over governance of the Internet, amid attempts to shift the balance of power away from the United States.

Delegates from some 170 countries gathered in Tunis yesterday (Nov 13, 2005) to start a final attempt to break their three-year deadlock on the issue.

The preliminary negotiations are not expected to be completed by the time the summit organized by the UN's International Telecommunication Union begins, a spokeswoman for the ITU, Sarah Parkes, and diplomats said.

The outcome could determine who eventually controls the technical and administrative infrastructure at the root of the Internet, which allows the computer network to function seamlessly worldwide.

Some officials fear the dispute could degenerate and eventually lead to the 'balkanisation' of the Internet, breaking it up into a series of unconnected rival networks.

At the moment the Internet is administered mainly by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a California-based independent body which is awarded the task by the US Government on a renewable tender.

The exponential growth of Internet connections worldwide and the web's growing economic and social importance have prompted opposition to the US monopoly. US officials have refused to allow oversight to be handed over to the UN.

Seven other proposals have been made in the talks running up to Tunis, with two other fundamental positions emerging. Iran, backed by other major developing nations, wants a body 'anchored' to the UN to have oversight over ICANN and other agencies, with an advisory role for industry.

However, the European Union is proposing a formula that would remove US political oversight over ICANN and replace it with a purely technical intergovernmental body though not necessarily the United Nations after a transition phase.

"The idea that the Internet is an unregulated haven, these days are finished," a source close to the talks said.

ICANN was set up in California in 1998 when the Internet boom was largely focused on the United States.

It is run by a group of free-spirited enthusiasts who were anxious to avoid regulation of the Internet.

ICANN assigns domain names worldwide. Although it has not tried to do so, it could be in a position to disconnect countries and disrupt communications for political or economic reasons, critics said.

Some officials also believe that the people behind ICANN have grown closer to the computer industry, and may face a conflict of interest when it comes to choosing one technology over another at the root of the Internet.

In July, a US Government advisory body said that the way the domain name system is run should not be changed.

"Given the Internet's importance to the world's economy, it is essential that the underlying domain name server of the Internet remains stable and secure," the National Telecommunications and Information Administration said.

Governments, industry and campaigners would also gather in a separate 'forum' to discuss other related issues, including 'public policy', according to the text of the EU proposal submitted by the British presidency.